![]() After a critical survey of different approaches to the pace of urbanisation in mineral-rich DRC, an alternative explanation of the differences between the two cities is presented. Butembo is built on gold mines while Mbuji-Mayi sits on the biggest concentration of industrial diamonds in central Africa. This contribution provides an anthropological interpretation of the differences in the urbanisation of two mineral cities: Butembo and Mbuji- Mayi, located in eastern and central DRC respectively. Nonetheless, certain groups have taken advantage of both the absence of the state and the presence of minerals to modernise and institute new forms of order and development. The recent wars in the DRC are partly caused and prolonged by the existence of lootable resources and have precipitated one of the most severe humanitarian catastrophes of our era in terms of loss of lives and human misery. Hölbling, University of Graz Justine Tally, Universidad de La Laguna At a time when “theory” is on everybody’s lips and yet is often more of a deterrent than an attraction for students of literature and culture, we believe that these essays show how theories can enrich our understanding of literature, facilitate our analysis of a particular text, elucidate the multiple layers of meaning, and thus significantly enhance the jouissance in our acts of reading. We are grateful to the Editorial Board of American Studies in Austria for their offer to publish the volume in their series. The contributions in their current form have been revised by the editors so as to more closely resemble the traditional scholarly article rather than the seminar paper format structure and argument have been left unchanged and express their authors’ styles and points of view. ![]() The high quality of the papers and their often creative application of theories to literary texts spawned the idea of making them available in published form. Contemporary literary and cultural theories are applied to Toni Morrison's novels BELOVED and JAZZ, and to Batbara Kingsolver's THE POISONWOOD BIBLE. The essays collected in this volume are based on research papers written for graduate seminars taught by Justine Tally, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain, during two of her ERASMUS teaching visits at Karl-Franzens-University in Graz, Austria.
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